UVC § 1-168 Pedestrian
Any person afoot.
UVC § 11- 202(a),(b),(c)1,(c)2,(c)4 Traffic-control signal legend
Whenever traffic is controlled by traffic-control signals exhibiting different colored lights, or colored lighted arrows, successively one at a time or in combination, only the colors Green, Red and Yellow shall be used, except for special pedestrian signals carrying a legend, and said lights shall indicate and apply to drivers of vehicles and pedestrians as follows:
(a) Green indication
1. Vehicular traffic facing a circular green signal may proceed straight through or turn right or left unless a sign at such place prohibits either such turn. But vehicular traffic, including vehicles turning right or left, shall yield the right of way to other vehicles and to pedestrians lawfully within the intersection or an adjacent crosswalk at the time such signal is exhibited.
2. Vehicular traffic facing a green arrow signal, shown alone or in combination with another indication, may cautiously enter the intersection only to make the movement indicated by such arrow, or such other movement as is permitted by other indications shown at the same time. Such vehicular traffic shall yield the right of way to pedestrians lawfully within an adjacent crosswalk and to other traffic lawfully using the intersection.73
3. Unless otherwise directed by a pedestrian-control signal as provided in § 11-203, pedestrians facing any green signal, except when the sole green signal is a turn arrow, may proceed across the roadway within any marked or unmarked crosswalk.
(b) Steady yellow indication74
1. Vehicular traffic facing a steady circular yellow or yellow arrow signal is thereby warned that the related green movement is being terminated or that a red indication will be exhibited immediately thereafter.
2. Pedestrians facing a steady circular yellow or yellow arrow signal, unless otherwise directed by a pedestrian-control signal as provided in § 11-203, are thereby advised that there is insufficient time to cross the roadway before a red indication is shown and no pedestrian shall then start to cross the roadway.
(c) Steady red indication
1. Vehicular traffic facing a steady circular red signal alone shall stop at a clearly marked stop line, but if none, before entering the crosswalk on the near side of the intersection, or if none, then before entering the intersection, and shall remain standing until an indication to proceed is shown except as provided in subsection (c)3.
2. Vehicular traffic facing a steady red arrow signal shall not enter the intersection to make the movement indicated by the arrow, and unless entering the intersection to make a movement permitted by another signal, shall stop at a clearly marked stop line, but if none, before entering the crosswalk on the near side of the intersection, or if none, then before entering the intersection and shall remain standing until an indication permitting the movement indicated by such red arrow is shown except as provided in subsection (c)3.
4. Unless otherwise directed by a pedestrian-control signal as provided in § 11-203, pedestrians facing a steady circular red or red arrow signal alone shall not enter the roadway.
73 It is recommended that the display of a turning green arrow alone or with another indication should indicate that during this display the turning movement is not interfered with by oncoming traffic, which simultaneously should face a red signal.
74 It is recommended that the color yellow be used only before red. If yellow is used following the red, traffic facing the signal has a tendency to start before the green signal appears, causing interference with cross traffic clearing the intersection.
UVC § 11- 202(c)3 Traffic-control signal legend [Right turn on red]
(c) Steady red indication
3. Except when a sign is in place prohibiting a turn, vehicular traffic facing any steady red signal may cautiously enter the intersection to turn right, or to turn left from a one-way street into a one- way street, after stopping as required by subsection (c)1 or subsection (c)2. After stopping the driver shall yield the right of way to any vehicle in the intersection or approaching on another roadway so closely as to constitute an immediate hazard during the time such driver is moving across or within the intersection or junction of roadways.
Such driver shall yield the right of way to pedestrians within the intersection or an adjacent crosswalk.
UVC § 11- 203 Pedestrian-control signals
Whenever special pedestrian-control signals exhibiting the "Walk" or "Don't Walk" or symbols of a "walking person" or "upraised palm" are in place, such signals shall indicate as follows:
(a) Flashing or Steady Walk or Walking Person-Any pedestrian facing the signal may proceed across the roadway in the direction of the signal and every driver of a vehicle shall yield the right of way to such pedestrian.
(b) Flashing or Steady Don't Walk or Upraised Palm-No pedestrian shall start to cross the roadway in the direction of the signal, but any pedestrian who has partially completed crossing on the walk signal shall proceed to a sidewalk or safety island while the don't walk or upraised palm signal is showing.
In states where pedestrian-control signals using the "Wait" legend are still in use, authorization for them should be continued in the law until they are replaced.
UVC § 11- 403(b) Stop signs and yield signs [Driver procedures at stop signs]
Except when directed to proceed by a police officer, every driver of a vehicle approaching a stop sign shall stop at a clearly marked stop line, but if none, before entering the crosswalk on the near side of the intersection, or if none, then at the point nearest the intersecting roadway where the driver has a view of approaching traffic on the intersecting roadway before entering it. After having stopped, the driver shall yield the right of way to any vehicle in the intersection or approaching on another roadway so closely as to constitute an immediate hazard during the time when such driver is moving across or within the intersection or junction of roadways. Such
driver shall yield the right of way to pedestrians within an adjacent
crosswalk.
UVC § 11- 403(c) Stop signs and yield signs [Driver procedures at yield signs]
The driver of vehicle approaching a yield sign shall in obedience to such sign slow down to a speed reasonable for the existing conditions, and if required for safety to stop, shall stop at a clearly marked stop line, but if none, before entering the crosswalk on the near side of the intersection, or if none, then at the point nearest the intersecting roadway where the driver has a view of approaching traffic on the intersecting roadway before entering it. After slowing or stopping, the driver shall yield the right of way to any vehicle in the intersection or approaching on another roadway so closely as to constitute an immediate hazard during the time such driver is moving across or within the intersection or junction of roadways. Such driver shall yield the right of way to pedestrians within an adjacent crosswalk. If such a driver after driving past a yield sign is
involved in a collision with a vehicle in the intersection or junction of roadways or
with a pedestrian in an adjacent crosswalk, such collision shall be deemed prima facie evidence of the driver's failure to yield right of way.
UVC § 11- 501(a) Pedestrian obedience to traffic-control devices and traffic regulations
A pedestrian shall obey the instructions of any official traffic-control device specifically applicable to such pedestrian, unless otherwise directed by a police officer.
UVC § 11- 502(a) Pedestrians' right of way in crosswalks [Yield to pedestrian in crosswalk]
When traffic-control signals are not in place or not in operation, the driver of a vehicle shall yield the right of way, slowing down or stopping if need be to yield to a pedestrian crossing the roadway within a crosswalk when the pedestrian is upon the half of the roadway upon which the vehicle is traveling, or when the pedestrian is approaching so closely from the opposite half of the roadway as to be in danger.
UVC § 11- 502(b) Pedestrians' right of way in crosswalks [Pedestrian can't suddenly leave curb]
No pedestrian shall suddenly leave a curb or other place of safety and walk or run into the path of a vehicle which is so close as to constitute an immediate hazard.
UVC § 11- 502(c) Pedestrians' right of way in crosswalks [§ 11-502(a) does not apply where there is a tunnel or bridge]
Paragraph (a) shall not apply under the conditions stated in § 11.503(b) [tunnel or overhead crossing exists].
UVC § 11- 502(d) Pedestrians' right of way in crosswalks [Vehicle from rear does not pass stopped vehicle]
Whenever any vehicle is stopped at a marked crosswalk or at any unmarked crosswalk at an intersection to permit a pedestrian to cross the roadway, the
driver of any other vehicle approaching from the rear shall not overtake and pass such stopped
vehicle.
[Also see model vehicle overtaking law, particularly § 3.]
UVC § 11- 503(a) Crossing at other than crosswalks
Every pedestrian crossing a roadway at any point other than within a marked crosswalk or within an unmarked crosswalk at an intersection shall yield the right of way to all vehicles upon the
roadway.
Metroped Note:
Allows pedestrian to cross anywhere
UVC § 11- 503(b) Crossing at other than crosswalks [Tunnel or bridge available]
Any pedestrian crossing a roadway at a point where a pedestrian tunnel or overhead pedestrian crossing has been provided shall yield the right of way to all vehicles upon the roadway.
UVC § 11- 503(c) Crossing at other than crosswalks [Crossing between adjacent intersections]
Between adjacent intersections at which traffic-control signals are in operation pedestrians shall
not cross at any place except in a marked
crosswalk.
UVC § 11- 503(d) Crossing at other than crosswalks [Diagonal crossing]
No pedestrian shall cross a roadway intersection diagonally unless authorized by official traffic-control devices; and when authorized to cross diagonally, pedestrians shall cross only in accordance with the official traffic-control devices pertaining to such crossing movements
UVC § 11- 504 Drivers to exercise due care
Notwithstanding other provisions of this chapter or the provisions of any local ordinance, every driver of a vehicle shall exercise due care to avoid colliding with any pedestrian or any person propelling a human powered vehicle and shall give an audible signal when necessary, and shall exercise proper precaution upon observing any child or any obviously confused, incapacitated or intoxicated person.
UVC § 11- 505 Pedestrians to use right half of crosswalks
Whenever practicable, pedestrians shall move upon the right half of crosswalks
UVC § 11- 506(c) Pedestrians on highways [No sidewalk or shoulder available]
Where neither a sidewalk nor a shoulder is available, any pedestrian walking along and upon a highway shall walk as near as practicable to an outside edge of the roadway, and if on a two-way roadway, shall walk only on the left side of the roadway.
UVC § 11- 506(d) Pedestrians on highways [Pedestrian in roadway]
Except as otherwise provided in this chapter, any pedestrian upon a roadway shall yield the right of way to
all vehicles upon the roadway.
UVC § 11- 509 Pedestrians' right of way on sidewalks
The driver of a vehicle crossing a sidewalk shall yield the right of way to any pedestrian and all other traffic on the sidewalk.
UVC § 11-1103 Driving upon sidewalk
No person shall drive any vehicle upon a sidewalk or sidewalk area except upon a permanent or duly authorized temporary driveway. This section shall not apply to any vehicle moved exclusively by human power nor to any motorized wheelchair.
UVC § 11-1209(c), Bicycles and human powered vehicles on sidewalks [Bicyclist has rights/duties of pedestrian]
A person propelling a vehicle by human power upon and along a sidewalk, or across a roadway upon and along a crosswalk, shall have all the rights and duties applicable to a pedestrian under the same circumstances.
UVC § 15-102(a)19 Powers of local authorities [Pedestrian crossings]
(a) The provisions of this code shall not be deemed to prevent local authorities with respect to streets and highways under their jurisdiction, or with respect to private property when specifically authorized in this section and within the reasonable exercise of the police power from:
19. Restricting pedestrian crossings at unmarked crosswalks as authorized in § 15-108.
UVC § 15-102(a)21 Powers of local authorities [Toy vehicles]
(a) The provisions of this code shall not be deemed to prevent local authorities with respect to streets and highways under their jurisdiction, or with respect to private property when specifically authorized in this section and within the reasonable exercise of the police power from:
21. Regulating persons upon skates, coasters, sleds and other toy vehicles.
UVC § 15-108 Authority to close unmarked crosswalks
After an engineering and traffic investigation, the (State highway commission) and local authorities in their respective jurisdictions may designate unmarked crosswalk locations where pedestrian crossing is prohibited or where pedestrians must yield the right of way to vehicles.
Such restrictions shall be effective only when official traffic-control devices indicating the restrictions are in
place.
Model 7. Model law to remove visual obstructions § 1. Duty to remove visual obstructions § 2. Inspection for visual obstructions
§ 1. Duty to remove visual obstructions
(a) It shall be the duty of the owner of real property on which any tree, plant, shrub or any moveable object unreasonably obstructs the view of any driver, pedestrian or bicyclist proceeding along a highway and thereby constitutes a potential traffic hazard to eliminate such a visual obstruction.
(b) When the (state highway commission) or any local authority determines upon the basis of an engineering and traffic investigation that such a potential traffic hazard exists, it shall notify the owner and order that the hazard be removed within 10 days.
(c) The failure of the owner to remove such traffic hazard within 10 days of the notice required in subsection (b) above shall constitute an offense punishable by a penalty of ________ dollars and every day said owner shall fail to remove it shall be a separate and distinct offense.
(d) It shall be the duty of the (state highway commission) and the (city traffic engineer) to comply with subsection (a) above as to visual obstructions located on public property.
§ 2. Inspection for visual obstructions
The (state highway commission) (city traffic engineer) shall inspect (quarterly) (semi- annually) (annually) the highways and bicycle paths of this (state) (county) (city) to identify obstructions which impair any road user's view of official traffic control devices or other traffic.
For more details on this model law, see the following reference:
